without的用法：1、接在not、never等否定副词后，表示强调与肯定。2、表示否定，意为“没有”、“不需要”。3、表示条件，意为“若无”、“若非”。4、与动名词形式连用，表示“不”、“无”。5、后接复合宾语，常用结构有：without+宾语+过去分词、without+宾语+不定式等。
二、without作表语的用法
without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻.
My investigations were without result.我的调查毫无结果.
三、without后接复合宾语的用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：
1.without+宾语+介词短语
We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了.
I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,里边不加糖我更喜欢.
2.without+宾语+副词
I'd be lost without you here.没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展.
I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼镜十分近视.
3.without+宾语+动名词
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定.
4.without+宾语+过去分词
Without another word exchanged,they started off.没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了.
5.without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了.
